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Objectives: The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis study was to identify the different disinfection methods and materials and the existing evidence on their effect on properties of the different impression materials.

Material and methods: An electronic search of MEDLINE (PubMed), Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases was performed to retrieve related English-language articles published between January 2000 and July 2019. Available studies with search terms such as: Impression disinfection, disinfection method, impression dimensional stability and impression wettability were used. The selected articles were reviewed by screening their titles and abstracts and full text. Finally, a total of 70 articles were considered relevant and were included in this study.

Results: Extensive studies were conducted to determine the effect of the different disinfection methods and materials on the properties of the different impression materials such as dimensional stability, wettability and surface roughness. While some studies reported significant changes in the properties of the impression materials, others reported either no changes or minor insignificant effects.

Conclusions: Some studies reported significant changes in the properties of the impression materials as a result of using different disinfection methods, whereas others reported either minor insignificant or no changes. Although the findings of the studies were controversial, care should be taken to avoid distortion of impressions and loss of their surface details that can adversely affect the fitting accuracy of the restorations. Therefore, better designed and standardized studies are needed to evaluate the effect of different commonly used disinfectants on properties of impression materials. Moreover, manufacturers should be encouraged to recommend specific disinfection methods and materials for disinfecting the impression materials to ensure their optimal accuracy.

I am a risk assessment scientist at Oak Ridge Center for Risk Analysis in Oak Ridge, Tennessee. For more than 30 years, I have been involved in the evaluation of exposures, doses, and risks to human health from trace levels of contaminants in the environment, including fluoride, and in the use of uncertainty analysis for environmental and health risk assessment.
2. I was asked to apply risk assessment frameworks used by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to the current scientific literature on fluoride neurotoxicity to determine whether neurotoxicity is a hazard of fluoride exposure, and whether this hazard is a risk at the levels of fluoride added to drinking water for fluoridation (0.7 mg/L).

Chemotherapy usually causes complications affecting several tissues such as oral mucosa. In this case report, a soft palate oral ulcer caused by chemotherapy was treated by ozone gas. This kind of treatment is known for its antimicrobial, regenerative and analgesic proprieties. The results show a complete resolution of the lesion within 2 weeks of treatment. Ozone therapy demonstrates greater effectiveness with respect to this kind of oral lesion compared to traditional therapy. Considering this evidence, ozone therapy should be considered as a useful tool for the adjuvant therapy of oral complications in oncologic patients.

Learning points: Intensive chemotherapy can have side effects, particularly affecting tissue with higher turnover. Therefore, there is a clinical need to prevent or to treat such complications.Ozone therapy could improve oral mucosa healing and have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antibacterial effects to prevent suprainfections. To date, there are no reported cases of oral ulcers in oncologic patients being completely resolved using ozone in the literature.Medical and dental doctors should collaborate with regards to complex patients to prevent such types of complications, discovering these clinical cases that are unknown in the literature and treating patients in a more comprehensive way.