adam, Author at IAOMT Library

EDTA chelation therapy to reduce cardiovascular events in persons with diabetes

The Trial to Assess Chelation Therapy (TACT) was a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial enrolling patients age ≥50 years with prior myocardial infarction. TACT used a 2 × 2 factorial design to study ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) chelation and high-dose vitamin supplementation. Chelation provided a modest but significant reduction in cardiovascular endpoints. The benefit was stronger and significant among participants with diabetes but absent in those without diabetes. Mechanisms by which chelation might reduce cardiovascular risk in persons with diabetes include the effects of EDTA chelation on transition and toxic metals. Transition metals, particularly copper and iron, play important roles in oxidative stress pathways. Toxic metals, in particular cadmium and lead, are toxic for the cardiovascular system. This review discusses the epidemiologic evidence and animal and human studies supporting the role of these metals in the development of diabetes and ischemic heart disease and potential ways by which EDTA chelation could confer cardiovascular benefit.

By Ouyang P, Gottlieb SH, Culotta VL, Navas-Acien A.|2021-01-16T23:36:34+00:00January 1st, 2015|Other|

Biofilm in endodontics: a review.

Endodontic disease is a biofilm-mediated infection, and primary aim in the management of endodontic disease is the elimination of bacterial biofilm from the root canal system. The most common endodontic infection is caused by the surface-associated growth of microorganisms. It is important to apply the biofilm concept to endodontic microbiology to understand the pathogenic potential of the root canal microbiota as well as to form the basis for new approaches for disinfection. It is foremost to understand how the biofilm formed by root canal bacteria resists endodontic treatment measures. Bacterial etiology has been confirmed for common oral diseases such as caries and periodontal and endodontic infections. Bacteria causing these diseases are organized in biofilm structures, which are complex microbial communities composed of a great variety of bacteria with different ecological requirements and pathogenic potential. The biofilm community not only gives bacteria effective protection against the host’s defense system but also makes them more resistant to a variety of disinfecting agents used as oral hygiene products or in the treatment of infections. Successful treatment of these diseases depends on biofilm removal as well as effective killing of biofilm bacteria. So, the fundamental to maintain oral health and prevent dental caries, gingivitis, and periodontitis is to control the oral biofilms. From these aspects, the formation of biofilms carries particular clinical significance because not only host defense mechanisms but also therapeutic efforts including chemical and mechanical antimicrobial treatment measures have the most difficult task of dealing with organisms that are gathered in a biofilm. The aim of this article was to review the mechanisms of biofilms’ formation, their roles in pulpal and periapical pathosis, the different types of biofilms, the factors influencing biofilm formation, the mechanisms of their antimicrobial resistance, techniques to identify biofilms.

By Jhajharia K, Parolia A, Shetty KV, Mehta LK.|2019-05-22T23:10:58+00:00January 1st, 2015|Other|

The impact of amalgam dental fillings on the frequency of Helicobacter pylori infection and H. pylori eradication rates in patients treated with concomitant, quadruple, and levofloxacin-based therapies.

“Mercury exposure is encountered most commonly in individuals with amalgam fillings. The toxic, bactericidal, and immunosuppressive effects of mercury are well known. Furthermore, multiple antibiotic resistance can be transferred, together with mercury resistance. The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of Helicobacter pylori infection in dyspeptic patients with amalgam fillings and the effect of the amalgam fillings on H. pylori eradication rates in these patients. Four hundred and seventy-five patients who presented with dyspeptic complaints and underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and gastric biopsy were included in this study. One hundred and sixty-nine (35.6%) patients were negative and 306 (64.4%) patients were positive for H. pylori. All of the participants underwent dental examinations in a blinded manner. The participants were divided into two groups on the basis of the presence of amalgam fillings. The H. pylori-positive patients were divided randomly into three subgroups: patients who received concomitant therapy (CT) (rabeprazole-amoxicillin-clarithromycin-metronidazole for 14 days; n=122); patients who received quadruple therapy (QT) (rabeprazole-tetracycline-metronidazole-colloidal bismuth subcitrate for 10 days; n=97); and patients who received levofloxacin-based therapy (LT) (rabeprazole-amoxicillin-levofloxacin for 10 days; n=87). Eradication success was detected by a urea breath test 6 weeks after the end of treatment. The frequency of H. pylori infection was significantly lower in the filling group compared with the nonfilling group (53.7 and 78.8%, respectively; P<0.001). The eradication rates in the CT, QT, and LT groups were 65.5, 67.0, and 58.6%, respectively, in the intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis and 69.6, 70.7, and 62.2%, respectively, in the per-protocol (PP) analysis. In all of the H. pylori-positive patients and separately in the CT and LT groups, the eradication rates were significantly lower in the filling group compared with the nonfilling group. However, in the QT group, there was no significant difference between the patients with and without fillings (P=0.001, 0.003, 0.012, 0.14, respectively). Logistic regression analysis showed that the absence of amalgam filling exerts independent effects on the increased frequency of H. pylori infection and increased rate of H. pylori eradication. This is the first study to show a lower frequency of H. pylori colonization in patients with amalgam fillings than without and that H. pylori eradication rates are lower in patients with amalgam fillings compared to those without.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/275585514_The_impact_of_amalgam_dental_fillings_on_the_frequency_of_Helicobacter_pylori_infection_and_H_Pylori_eradication_rates_in_”

By Aktas B, Basyigit S, Yüksel O, Akkan T, Atbasi ST, Uzman M, Yilmaz B, Simsek G, Nazligül Y.|2018-12-08T02:44:38+00:00January 1st, 2015|Mercury|

Therapeutic roles of fluoride released from restorative dental materials.

Because topical fluoride is considered to be beneficial for oral health, fluoride release and recharge features have been added to various restorative dental materials. These materials act as a rechargeable reservoir that can release fluoride, be recharged with fluoride, and then re-release fluoride, thus ensuring the availability of fluoride over a longer period of time. The ability of these materials to deliver the optimal concentration of fluoride required for various therapeutic actions for dental health has resulted in their popularity. This paper reviews the fluoride releasing materials and the therapeutic effects of the released fluoride.

By Zafar MS, Ahmed N.|2018-08-03T22:42:48+00:00January 1st, 2015|Fluoride|

Role of dental restoration materials in oral mucosal lichenoid lesions.

Results: Forty-five patients were recruited in three groups of 15 each: Group A (lesions in close contact with dental materials), Group B (lesions extending 1 cm beyond the area of contact) and Group C (no topographic relationship). Thirty controls were recruited in two groups of 15 individuals each: Group D (oral lichenoid lesions but no dental material) and Group E (dental material but no oral lichenoid lesions). Patch tests were positive in 20 (44.5%) patients. Mercury was the most common allergen to elicit a positive reaction in eight patients, followed by nickel (7), palladium (5), potassium dichromate (3), balsam of Peru, gold sodium thiosulphate 2 and tinuvin (2) and eugenol (1), cobalt chloride (1) and carvone (1). Seven patients elicited positive response to more than one allergen. In 13 of 20 patients who consented to removal of the dental material, complete healing was observed in 6 (30%), marked improvement in 7 (35%) and no improvement in 7 (35%) patients. Relief of symptoms was usually observed 3 months after removal. Limitations: Limited number of study subjects and short follow up after removal/replacement of dental restoration materials are the main limitations of this study.

Conclusion: Contact allergy to amalgam is an important etiologic factor in oral lichenoid lesions and removal of restorative material should be offered to patients who have lesions in close proximity to the dental material.

By Sharma R, Handa S, De D, Radotra BD, Rattan V.|2018-07-30T23:09:29+00:00January 1st, 2015|Mercury|

Association between dental amalgam fillings and Alzheimer’s disease: a population-based cross-sectional study in Taiwan.

INTRODUCTION:
The potential effects of amalgam fillings on the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are not well understood. The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between dental amalgam fillings and Alzheimer’s disease in Taiwanese population aged 65 and older.

METHODS:
Data were retrieved from the Longitudinal Health Insurance Database (LHID 2005 and 2010). The study enrolled 1,943,702 beneficiaries from the LHID database. After excluding death cases and individuals aged 65 and under, 207,587 enrollees were finally involved in the study. Dental amalgam fillings are coded as 89001C, 89002C, 89003C, 89101C, 89102C, or 89103C in the national health insurance research database (NHIRD). Alzheimer’s disease was diagnosed using the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) codes 331.0.

RESULTS:
Individuals exposed to amalgam fillings had higher risk of Alzheimer’s disease (odds ratio, OR = 1.105, 95 % confidence interval, CI = 1.025-1.190) than their non-exposed counterparts. Further analysis showed that the odds ratio of Ahlzheimer’s disease was 1.07 (95 % CI = 0.962-1.196) in men and 1.132 (95 % CI = 1.022-1.254) in women.

CONCLUSIONS:
Women who were exposed to amalgam fillings were 1.132 times more likely to have Alzheimer’s disease than were their non-exposed counterparts.

By Sun YH, Nfor ON, Huang JY, Liaw YP.|2018-07-31T22:27:18+00:00January 1st, 2015|Mercury|

History of the Mercury Ladies.

The central issues in this case have been firstly to demonstrate that dental health secretaries have been exposed to damaging doses of mercury in the course of their work. Secondly, that mercury can lead to damage to health that gives entitlement to compensation for occupational injury. Those who have been exposed to mercury and contracted health issues have not been taken seriously by doctors and the authorities. The authorities have eventually acknowledged their responsibility for so many having been exposed to mercury without protection and ventilation.

By ThsF/Parat.|2018-08-02T22:22:14+00:00January 1st, 2015|Mercury|

Biomaterials in relation to dentistry.

The concept of minimally invasive dentistry primarily promotes preservation of the natural tissue, and, thus, the prevention of disease or the advancement of procedures that allow early detection and interception of its progress with minimal tissue loss are of significance. This chapter presents, in brief, the current state of the art of direct restorative biomaterials and their role and future in the field of dentistry. Modern dental practice is highly reliant on the selection of appropriate materials for optimum function and benefit to the patient. Dentistry, perhaps, has the unique distinction of using the widest variety of materials, ranging from polymers, metals, ceramics, inorganic salts to composite materials. So far, aesthetics of restorative materials and their ability to perform in the harsh oral environment without undergoing changes in dimension and stability has been the major focus of materials used in dentistry. Despite advances in tissue engineering and regeneration in the field of regenerative medicine, this concept has found relatively limited application for enamel and dentine due to their limited ability to remodel, but research related to biomimetic approaches for the modification of dentine is a significant step.

By Deb S, Chana S.|2018-07-19T23:31:05+00:00January 1st, 2015|Mercury, Other|

Opinion on the Safety of Dental Amalgam and Alternative Dental Restoration Materials for Patients and Users.

The SCENIHR concludes that current evidence does not preclude the use of either amalgam or alternative materials in dental restorative treatment. However, the choice of material should be based on patient characteristics such as primary or permanent teeth, pregnancy, the presence of allergies to mercury or other components of restorative materials, and the presence of impaired renal clearance…..The SCENIHR recognises that there is a need for further research, particularly relating to (i) evaluation of the potential neurotoxicity of mercury from dental amalgam and the effect of genetic polymorphisms on mercury toxicity and (ii) to expand knowledge of the toxicity profile of alternative dental restorative materials. Furthermore, there is a need for the development of new alternative materials with a high degree of biocompatibility.

By Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly Identified Health Risks.|2018-07-30T22:03:36+00:00January 1st, 2015|Mercury|

The microbiome and disease: reviewing the links between the oral microbiome, aging, and Alzheimer’s disease.

This review, gathered from diverse sources, shows how our microbiome influences health and ultimately how well we age. Evidence linking oral bacteria to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is discussed in the context of aging, drawing together data from epidemiological, experimental, genetic, and environmental studies. Immunosenescence results in increased bacterial load as cell-mediated and humoral immune responses wane. The innate immune system gradually takes over; contributing to the rise in circulating proinflammatory cytokines such as TNFα. Maintaining the integrity of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) against a backdrop of increasing bacterial load is important. Aging may favor the proliferation of anaerobes in the mouth eliciting a robust TNFα response from the oral epithelium. Prolonged exposure to high levels of circulating TNFα compromises the integrity of the BBB. Sensitive techniques now detect the “asymptomatic” presence of bacteria in areas previously thought to be sterile, providing new insights into the wider distribution of components of the microbiome. These “immune-tolerated” bacteria may slowly multiply elsewhere until they elicit a chronic inflammatory response; some are now considered causal in instances of atherosclerosis and back pain. Inflammatory processes have long been associated with AD. We propose for a subset of AD patients, aging favors the overgrowth of oral anaerobes established earlier in life provoking a pro-inflammatory innate response that weakens the BBB allowing bacteria to spread and quietly influence the pathogenesis of AD. Finally, we suggest that human polymorphisms considered alongside components of the microbiome may provide new avenues of research for the prevention and treatment of disease.

By Shoemark DK, Allen SJ.|2019-05-30T21:38:24+00:00January 1st, 2015|Other|

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About Ouyang P, Gottlieb SH, Culotta VL, Navas-Acien A.