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So far Tiemann M. has created 996 blog entries.

Fluoride in drinking water: A review of fluoridation and regulation issues.

In 2011, EPA released new risk and exposure assessments for fluoride. The agency announced its intent to use this science and additional research to review the primary and secondary drinking water standards for fluoride and to determine whether to revise them. To make a regulatory determination, EPA also must consider analytical methods for testing for fluoride at lower concentrations, treatment feasibility (including cost), occurrence, and exposure.

By |2018-08-02T23:53:59+00:00January 1st, 2013|Fluoride|

Evaluation of the caries-preventive effect of three orthodontic band cements in terms of fluoride release, retentiveness, and microleakage.

This in vitro study was undertaken to evaluate the caries-preventive effect of three orthodontic band cements (a dual-curing resinmodified glass ionomer cement [RMGIC] and two light-curing polyacid-modified composite resin [compomer] cements) in terms of fluoride release, retentiveness, and microleakage after thermocycling. The RMGIC (Ortholy Band Paste [GC Ortholy, Inc., Tokyo, Japan]) showed a significantly higher amount of cumulative fluoride release over 180 days (p<0.001) and significantly greater tensile bond strength (p<0.001) than the compomer cements (Transbond Plus [3M Unitek, Monrovia, CA, USA] and Ultra Band-Lok [Reliance Orthodontic Products, Inc., Itasca, IL, USA]). Its bond strength was unaffected by thermocycling (2,000 cycles), indicating good retentiveness, whereas that of the compomer cements significantly decreased after thermocycling. Moreover, it had lower dyepenetration scores, indicative of less microleakage. These findings suggest that the RMGIC may have a better caries-preventive effect than the compomer cements and is suitable for long-term orthodontic banding.

By |2018-07-30T23:43:59+00:00January 1st, 2013|Fluoride|

Biofilm removal by 6% sodium hypochlorite activated by different irrigation techniques.

AIM:

To compare the removal of biofilm utilizing four irrigation techniques on a bovine root canal model.

METHODOLOGY:

Fifty dentine specimens (2 × 2 mm) were infected with biofilm. The samples were then adapted to previously created cavities in the bovine model. The root canals were irrigated twice with 2 mL of 6% sodium hypochlorite for 2 min (4 min total). Following initial irrigation, the different treatment modalities were introduced for 60 s (3 × 20 s intervals). The evaluated techniques were needle irrigation, Endoactivator (Dentsply Tulsa Dental, Tulsa, OK, USA), passive ultrasonic irrigation and laser-activated irrigation (photon-induced photoacoustic streaming). The controls were irrigated with distilled water and conventional needle irrigation. Subsequently, the dentine samples were separated from the model and analysed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Fifteen operative fields were scanned per block, and SEM pictures were captured. Two calibrated evaluators examined the images and collected data using a four-degree scale. Nonparametric tests were used to evaluate for statistical significance amongst the groups.

RESULTS:

The group undergoing laser-activated irrigation using photon-induced photoacoustic streaming exhibited the most favourable results in the removal of biofilm. Passive ultrasonic irrigation scores were significantly lower than both the Endoactivator and needle irrigation scores. Sonic and needle irrigation were not significantly different. The least favourable results were found in the control group.

CONCLUSIONS:

Laser activation of 6% sodium hypochlorite significantly improved the cleaning of biofilm-infected dentine followed by passive ultrasonic irrigation.

Health and safety in the dental clinic–Hygiene regulations for use of elemental mercury in the protection of rights, safety and well-being of the patients, workers and the environment.

The rules governing the use of metallic mercury, a toxic and hazardous chemical, is in most jurisdictions identical to widely accepted standards and practices for handling the same chemical in industry for the protection of humans and their work environment. There cannot be exceptions solely for the practitioner dentists and their patients. Any workplace must be safe for both workers and visitors. The latter being dental patients waiting in the dentist’s work environment. We reviewed the literature for toxic health effects of elemental mercury upon humans and present information about the Minimata Convention convened by the United Nations Environment Programme. A study conducted among dentists in Singapore and their personal work environment almost 30 years ago contributed to the workplace standard for elemental mercury, which was reduced, and is still currently enforced as a global standard. We recommend that dentists, with a large alternative battery of restorative materials today, make selection of a restorative material a more seriously considered choice, and not to make use of amalgam without the proper use of personal protective equipment for themselves (members of the dental operating team) and their patients, (amalgam traps and judicious monitoring of their workplace air quality). Mercury is ubiquitous in our presence due to human activities; any reduction in the dentists’ workplace contributes to a global reduction.

By |2018-07-26T23:28:16+00:00January 1st, 2013|Mercury|

Substance flow analysis for mercury emission in Poland.

Substance Flow Analysis (SFA) is an approach showing main sources of emission and flows of pollution to the environment, which allows to define possible environmental risk. Total identified mercury emission to air, soil and water in Poland for year 2010 from anthropogenic sources was estimated as 18.0 Mg. Annual Hg emission to air from by-product sources was equal 13.5 Mg, with the highest share of emission from brown coal-fired power plants. Mercury contained in combustion residues and removed from flue gases is transferred to waste waters, disposed to landfills and used to a concrete production with unknown amounts. Annual mercury emission to air from the use of mercury-containing products (0.5 Mg) was estimated by authors based on model for distribution and emissions for batteries, light sources, other electrical and electronic equipment and also for measuring and control equipment. Emission to air from dental practice (0.3 Mg) was estimated for combustion of wastes containing dental amalgam and from bodies cremation. SFA for the use of mercury-containing products and dental practice presents significant load of 10.4 Mg mercury
contained in hazardous wastes produced annually. It covers wastes of used products, dental amalgam wastes directly from clinics as well as stream from incineration of infectious dental wastes. In the paper mercury discharges to water from large and medium industrial facilities (2.9 Mg) and municipal waste-water treatment plants in large agglomerations (0.4 Mg) are presented. Smaller loads are generates by leachate transfer from
municipal landfills to WWTPs and further to agriculture and also by releases from dental amalgam in buried bodies. The paper indicates lack of information in SFA which should be regarded, mainly concerning mercury releases from municipal landfills to water and soil and emissions from municipal WWTPs to air.

By |2019-06-05T23:19:09+00:00January 1st, 2013|Mercury|

Personalization of multiple sclerosis treatments: using the chelation therapy approach.

Though Multiple Sclerosis (MS) sufferers are probably genetically predisposed, toxic metal poisoning (TMP) does seem an increasingly likely environmental trigger. The technique for measuring and clearing TMP was chelation therapy using ethylene-diamine-tetracetic acid (EDTA), which revealed aluminum accumulation in both cases. The first patient, initially benefiting from removing dental fillings that had leaked mercury, also showed gadolinium accumulation from scan contrast medium, and a genomic deficiency of glutathione transferase M1. Glutathione production was impaired and hence also liver detoxification functions. The personal protocol involved glutathione administration and deutrosulfazyme to enhance oxygenation and alleviate oxidative stress. As aluminum began to clear with EDTA infusion, the extracellular/intracellular water ratio was carefully monitored, and carbohydrates limited. In the second case, aluminum poisoning responded to EDTA chelation therapy with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)/docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), multivitamins, and glutathione administration, again followed by deutrosulfazyme, water ratio control, and dietary correction. The two personalized protocols presented here tend to confirm the hypothesis of TMP as an environmental or iatrogenic trigger for MS, especially when inadequate detoxification lies at the root. Cleansing by chelation therapy, properly understood, can be efficacious, especially bearing in mind the altered cellular water ratio.

By |2018-08-03T22:51:04+00:00January 1st, 2013|Mercury|

As-yet-uncultivated oral bacteria: breadth and association with oral and extra-oral diseases.

It has been shown that 40-60% of the bacteria found in different healthy and diseased oral sites still remain to be grown in vitro, phenotypically characterized, and formally named as species. The possibility exists that these as-yet-uncultivated bacteria play important ecological roles in oral bacterial communities and may participate in the pathogenesis of several oral infectious diseases. There is also a potential for these as-yet-uncultivated oral bacteria to take part in extra-oral infections. For a comprehensive characterization of physiological and pathogenic properties as well as antimicrobial susceptibility of individual bacterial species, strains need to be grown in pure culture. Advances in culturing techniques have allowed the cultivation of several oral bacterial taxa only previously known by a 16S rRNA gene sequence signature, and novel species have been proposed. There is a growing need for developing improved methods to cultivate and characterize the as-yet-uncultivated portion of the oral microbiome so as to unravel its role in health and disease.

By |2019-05-19T22:49:14+00:00January 1st, 2013|Other|

The meaning of aluminium exposure on human health and aluminium-related diseases.

The aim of this review is to attempt to answer extremely important questions related to aluminium-related diseases. Starting from an overview on the main sources of aluminium exposure in everyday life, the principal aspects of aluminium metabolism in humans have been taken into consideration in an attempt to enlighten the main metabolic pathways utilised by trivalent metal ions in different organs. The second part of this review is focused on the available evidence concerning the pathogenetic consequences of aluminium overload in human health, with particular attention to its putative role in bone and neurodegenerative human diseases.

The effect of 3 T MRI on microleakage of amalgam restorations.

OBJECTIVES:
To evaluate the effects of 3 T magnetic field on microleakage of amalgam restorations containing three different types of silver (Ag).

METHODS:
60 extracted teeth were restored with three different types of amalgam filling materials. Restored teeth were sectioned mesiodistally and divided into experimental and control groups. Experimental groups were exposed to a magnetic field of 3 T for 20 min. All samples were plunged into 2% basic fuchsin solution and examined under a digital microscope by three different observers with regard to microleakage.

RESULTS:
Statistical analysis showed significant differences in microleakage between the groups exposed to MRI and controls, whereas differences in microleakage between amalgam types were insignificant.

CONCLUSIONS:
The primary risk of MRI systems arises from the effects of its strong magnetic field on objects containing ferromagnetic materials. An MRI of 1.5 T is known to be safe for amalgam restorations. However, our research indicates that MRI is not completely devoid of any effects on amalgam restorations.

By |2018-08-13T21:53:54+00:00January 1st, 2013|Mercury|
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