Distribution of the element fluorine is so widespread throughout nature that a small intake of the element is practically unavoidable. Fluorides are general proto-plasmatic poisons, probably because of their capacity to modify the metabolism of cells by changing the permeability of the cell membrane and by inhibiting certain enzyme systems.
This paper is divided into two parts. The first part reports the determination of the amounts of mercury vapor found in the air of various ventilated and unventilated laboratories at the National Bureau of Standards and elsewhere. The new optical mercury-vapor detector devised by Woodson and produced by the General Electric Co. was used to secure this information. The concentrations found ranged up to 70 micrograms of mercury per cubic meter of air. Various sources of mercury vapor are described, as well as some measures taken to lower the concentration.
MERCURY has ranked prominently among the causes of poisoning for several hundred years. It was known to the Egyptians in 1600 BC The knowledge of mercury accompanied the gradual spread of Egyptian culture to Greece, and from Greece the information passed to Rome, and thence over the Roman Empire. The Egyp-tians, Greeks, and Romans considered mercury too toxic for medicinal use. Mercury was known in India about 500 BC where its medicinal value was recognized during the 1st century AD, and mercury stomatitis was described during this time.
The purpose of this paper is to attempt to correlate the observations which have been made and the present conceptions of the relationship between dental infection and systemic disease. To these will be added the results we have obtained in attempting to apply the observations made by investigators in this field.
The subject of osteomyelitis of the upper and lower jaws is very large and complicated. In this communication the general and anatomic considerations pertaining to this subject will first be discussed.
Since December 2019, more than 79,000 people have been diagnosed with infection of the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). A large number of medical staff was sent to Wuhan city and Hubei province to aid COVID-19 control. Psychological stress, especially vicarious traumatization caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, should not be ignored. To address this concern, the study employed a total of 214 general public and 526 nurses (i.e., 234 front-line nurses and 292 non-front-line nurses) to evaluate vicarious traumatization scores via a mobile app-based questionnaire. Front-line nurses are engaged in the process of providing care for patients with COVID-19. The results showed that the vicarious traumatization scores for front-line nurses including scores for physiological and psychological responses, were significantly lower than those of non-front-line nurses (P < 0.001). Interestingly, the vicarious traumatization scores of the general public were significantly higher than those of the front-line nurses (P < 0.001); however, no statistical difference was observed compared to the scores of non-front-line nurses (P > 0.05). Therefore, increased attention should be paid to the psychological problems of the medical staff, especially non-front-line nurses, and general public under the situation of the spread and control of COVID-19. Early strategies that aim to prevent and treat vicarious traumatization in medical staff and general public are extremely necessary.